Effect of nasal antifungal therapy on nasal cell activation markers in chronic rhinosinusitis

Objective: To examine the effect of nasal antifungal treatment on eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and tryptase levels in samples of nasal lavage fluid from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. Design: Prospective double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Setting: Tertiary surgical center. Patients: Subjects with severe chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. Of 120 screened patients, 76 were eligible. Six patients withdrew because of minor adverse events, and 10 dropped out for other reasons. in total, 60 patients completed the study according to the study protocol. Interventions: Nasal treatment with amphotericin B or saline control for 8 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: Nasal lavages were performed before and after treatment. Fungal elements were assessed by culture and with different polymerase chain reaction assays. Levels of ECP and tryptase were determined by fluorescent enzyme immunoassay. Results: No correlation between cell activation markers and fungus detection was observed before treatment (all P > .20). Nasal amphotericin B treatment had no effect on levels of ECP (P = .17) or tryptase (P = .09) in nasal-lavage samples. Moreover, successful fungus eradication, defined as fungus detection before but not after treatment, did not influence nasal ECP or tryptase levels (all P > .40). Conclusion: Neither topical amphotericin B therapy nor fungal state before and after treatment had any significant influence on activation markers of nasal inflammatory cells in chronic rhinosinusitis.