Grid connection of large offshore wind farms using HVDC

This article describes the use of high-voltage DC (HVDC) transmission systems for connection of large offshore wind forms using doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) to the main grid. HVDC systems based on voltage source converters (VSC transmission) and on line-commutated converters (LCC HVDC) are discussed. The article describes proposed system configurations, operating principles and controls for the two technologies. PSCAD/EMTDC simulations are presented to demonstrate the robust performance of the proposed systems during variation of generation and onshore AC fault conditions. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.