Journal
SOLID STATE IONICS
Volume 177, Issue 17-18, Pages 1483-1488Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2006.06.020
Keywords
XPS; LiMn2O4; electronic structure
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LiMn2O4 and LiM0.05Mn1.95O4 (M=Ni, Fe and Ti) were synthesized by using solid-state reactions and their surface stoichiometries were confirmed by XPS data. The crystal and electronic structures were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD data suggested that LiM0.05Mn1.95O4 possesses nearly no any variations in lattice parameters compared with LiMn2O4 for slight substitution of Ni, Fe and Ti; the substituted Ni, Fe and Ti ions were located on the 16d octahedral sites in the spinel crystal lattice. The XPS results suggested that Fe and Ti ions were at + 3 and + 4 oxidation states, respectively; while Ni ions are mixed with + 2 and + 3 oxidation states. The normal oxidation state of Mn ions in the above four materials is almost the same and calculated as + 3.55 according to the splitting energies of Mn3s states. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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