Redox-active polypyrrole: Toward polymer-based batteries

An energy-storage device consisting of polypyrrole (pPy) doped with indigo carmine (IC) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) has been fabricated. These redox-active conducting polymers (see figure) form the basis of a battery that depends on the faradaic reactions of the redox-active dopants, and performs better than conventional batteries and ultracapacitors at high power density.