Titania-nanotube-array-based photovoltaic cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells based on perpendicular titania nanotube arrays were fabricated. Titania nanotube arrays were prepared by anodization of Ti foil. The cell performance as a function of nanotube length and anodization method was investigated. Short circuit current density and cell efficiency increased with the nanotube length. Device performance was also affected by anodization method, spacer layer thickness, and annealing conditions. With optimized device structure and titania annealing procedure, short circuit current density of 3.28 mA/cm(2) could be achieved under AM 1.5 simulated solar irradiation. (c) 2006 American, Institute of Physics.