Combination of statin and ezetimibe for the treatment of dyslipidemias and the prevention of coronary artery disease

The prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD) involves therapeutic lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation, diet, weight reduction and exercise. In patients with established CAD or atherosclerosis in other vascular beds, or in patients at high risk of developing CAD, lowering serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and total mortality. Recently, large-scale studies have shown that lowering the LDL-C to less than 2.0 mmol/L is associated with a reduction of major cardiac events in patients with established CAD. Therapy with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) has had a major impact on preventive cardiology. Not all patients reach recommended LDL-C targets on currently available statins. Ezetimibe is a selective inhibitor of intestinal cholesterol absorption that results in an additional 15% to 25% reduction of LDL-C. The recommended dosage is 10 mg once daily; it is safe and well tolerated. Elevations in transaminase and creatine kinase occur in approximately 1% of subjects. Ezetimibe is suggested for patients who do not reach recommended LDL-C targets on an optimal dosage of statins alone. While the effects of ezetimibe on atherosclerosis have not been ascertained, clinical trials have consistently shown that the reduction in serum cholesterol correlates with a decrease in major cardiovascular events, irrespective of the method used to reduce cholesterol.