Journal
NATURE MEDICINE
Volume 12, Issue 8, Pages 955-960Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/nm1451
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Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI031678-08, R01 AI031678-13, R01 AI031678-06, R01 AI031678-10, R01 AI031678, R01 AI031678-07, R01 AI031678-09, R01 AI031678-11, R01 AI031678-12] Funding Source: Medline
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Although primary and memory responses against bacteria and viruses have been studied extensively, T helper type 2 (T(H)2) effector mechanisms leading to host protection against helminthic parasites remain elusive(1). Examination of the intestinal epithelial submucosa of mice after primary and secondary infections by a natural gastrointestinal parasite revealed a distinct immune-cell infiltrate after challenge, featuring interleukin-4-expressing memory CD4(+) T cells that induced IL-4 receptor(hi) (IL-4R(hi)) CD206(+) alternatively activated macrophages(2). In turn, these alternatively activated macrophages (AAMacs) functioned as important effector cells of the protective memory response contributing to parasite elimination, demonstrating a previously unknown mechanism for host protection against intestinal helminths.
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