Journal
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Volume 91, Issue 2, Pages 316-330Publisher
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.2.316
Keywords
depression subtypes; depressive symptoms; evolutionary psychology; psychopathology; Darwinian psychiatry
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Although much depression may be dysfunctional, the capacity to experience normal depressive symptoms in response to certain adverse situations appears to have been shaped by natural selection. If this is true, then different kinds of situations may evoke different patterns of depressive symptoms that are well suited to solving the adaptive challenges specific to each situation. The authors called this the situation-symptom congruence hypothesis. They tested this hypothesis by asking 445 participants to identify depressive symptoms that followed a recent adverse situation. Guilt, rumination, fatigue, and pessimism were prominent following failed efforts; crying, sadness, and desire for social support were prominent following social losses. These significant differences were replicated in an experiment in which H 3 students were randomly assigned to visualize a major failure or the death of a loved one.
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