Rosiglitazone ameliorates cisplatin-induced renal injury in mice

Background. Inflammatory mechanisms may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma), such as rosiglitazone, have been recently demonstrated to regulate inflammation by modulating the production of inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. The purpose of this study was to examine the protective effects of rosiglitazone on cisplatin nephrotoxicity and to explore the mechanism of its renoprotection. Methods. Mice were treated with cisplatin with or without pre-treatment with rosiglitazone. Renal functions, histological findings, aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and adhesion molecule expression, macrophage infiltration and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were investigated. The effect of rosiglitazone on nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activity and on viability was examined using cultured human kidney (HK-2) cells. Results. Rosiglitazone significantly decreased both the damage to renal function and histological pathology after cisplatin injection. Pre-treatment with rosiglitazone reduced the systemic levels of TNF-alpha and down-regulated adhesion molecule expression in addition to the infiltration of inflammatory cells after cisplatin administration. Rosiglitazone restored the decreased AQP2 expression after cisplatin treatment. Pre-treatment with rosiglitazone blocked the phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappa B in cultured HK-2 cells. Rosiglitazone had a protective effect via a PPAR gamma-dependent pathway in cisplatin-treated HK-2 cells. Conclusion. These results showed that pre-treatment with rosiglitazone attenuates cisplatin-induced renal damage through the suppression of TNF-alpha overproduction and NF-kappa B activation.