Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 gene polymorphisms with essential hypertension in the population of Odisha, India

Background: Hypertension is a serious health issue worldwide and essential hypertension, which includes 90-95% of the cases, is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Identification of these factors may help in control of this disease. The Insertion/Deletion (I/D) polymorphism in Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) gene and rs2106809 (C>T) polymorphism in Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene have been reported to be associated with essential hypertension in different populations. Aim: To investigate the association of ACE I/D and ACE2 rs2106809 polymorphisms with essential hypertension in the population of Odisha, an eastern Indian state. Subjects and methods: A total of 246 hypertensives (159 males and 87 females) and 274 normotensives (158 males and 116 females) were enrolled in the study. Detailed anthropometric data, tobacco, alcohol and food habits were recorded and 2 ml of venous blood was collected for biochemical and genetic analysis. Results: The DD genotype of ACE and TT genotype of ACE2 were significantly high among female hypertensives, while T allele of ACE2 was linked to male hypertensives. In the male population, alcohol was also identified as a potential risk factor. Conclusion: Among females, ACE I/D and ACE2 rs2106809 polymorphisms, while among males, ACE2 rs2106809 polymorphism and alcohol consumption are associated with essential hypertension in the study population.