The German hospital malnutrition study

Background & aims: Malnutrition is frequently observed in chronic and severe diseases and associated with impaired outcome. In Germany general data on prevalence and impact of hospital malnutrition are missing. Methods: Nutritional state was assessed by subjective global assessment (SGA) and by anthropometric measurements in 1886 consecutively admitted patients in 13 hospitals (n = 1073, university hospitals; n = 813, community or teaching hospitals). Risk factors for malnutrition and the impact of nutritional status on length of hospital stay were analyzed. Results: Malnutrition was diagnosed in 27.4% of patients according to SGA. A tow arm muscle area and arm fat area were observed in 11.3% and 17.1%, respectively. Forty-three % of patients >= 70 years old were malnourished compared to only 7.8% of patients < 30 years. The highest prevalence of malnutrition was observed in geriatric (56.2%), oncology (37.6%), and gastroenterology (32.6%) departments. Multivariate analysis revealed three independent risk factors: higher age, polypharmacy, and malignant disease (at[ P<0.01). Malnutrition was associated with an 43% increase of hospital stay (P<0.001). Conclusions: In German hospitals every fourth patient is malnourished. Malnutrition is associated with increased length of hospital stay. Higher age, malignant disease and major comorbidity were found to be the main contributors to malnutrition. Adequate nutritional support should be initiated in order to optimize the clinical outcome of these patients. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.