Impacts of ascorbic acid and thiamine supplementation at different concentrations on lead toxicity in testis

Background: Lead is a ubiquitous environmental and industrial pollutant that may have toxic effects on the male reproductive system. We explored the mechanism and examine the impacts of combined administration of ascorbic acid and thiamine at different levels on apoptosis in the testes of lead-exposed mice. Methods: Seventy-five male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (15 mice/group): control, lead-treated and vitamin-treated group (low, middle and high dose) with ascorbic acid (140, 420, 1260 mg/kg) and thiamine (10, 30, 90 mg/kg) by oral gavage daily. All lead-exposed animals received 0.2% lead acetate in drinking water. DNA damage of testicular cells was assessed by SCGE; the levels of TGF beta 1 and caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemistry; apoptotic cell was determined by TUNEL. Results: Compared with control group, the expressions of TG beta(1) and caspase-3, apoptotic index (AI) and DNA damage were increased significantly in lead-exposed group (P < 0.05). After intervention of low and middle doses vitamin, the incidence of DNA damage and the number of apoptotic cells in testis were obviously lower than the lead-exposed group (P < 0.05) and the impaired tissues were ameliorative. However, simultaneous supplementation of ascorbic acid and thiamine at the highest dose promoted testicular cell apoptosis via increased expressions of TGF beta(1) and caspase-3. Conclusions: The combination treatment with thiamine and ascorbic acid at lower doses effectively inhibited testicular cells from apoptosis by lead acetate, but higher doses could aggravate the testicular lesion. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.