Nitrate-nitrogen isotopic patterns in surface waters of the western and central equatorial Pacific

To understand the processes transporting nitrate to the surface layer of the western and central equatorial Pacific, we measured the nitrogen isotopic ratio of nitrate (delta(NO3-)-N-15) which is a very useful tracer of the source of nitrate, above 200 m depth in this region in December 1999. delta(NO3-)-N-15 is higher (about 13.0 parts per thousand) in the surface water than in the subsurface water (where it is about 6.5 parts per thousand) due to isotopic fractionation during nitrate uptake by phytoplankton. The delta(NO3-)-N-15 value has a roughly linear relationship with the natural logarithm of nitrate concentration (In[NO3-]). However, for values above 150 m depth, the intercept of this linear relationship varies with position from east to west. On the other hand, the data at 200 m depth at all observation stations are concentrated around a single point (In[NO3-] = 2.5 and delta(NO3-)-N-15 = 6.5 parts per thousand) and do not fit the linear relationships for the shallower values. To examine the meaning of the observed distributions of delta(NO3-)-N-15 and nitrate concentration we developed a box model including nitrogen and nitrogen isotopic cycles. By reproducing the observed relationship between delta(NO3-)-N-15 and nitrate concentration using this model we found that most nitrate is transported horizontally from the eastern equatorial Pacific. We also conducted case studies and investigated the effects of differences in pathways of nitrate transport on the distributions of delta(NO3-)-N-15 and nitrate concentration. From these studies we concluded that the observed linear relationships between delta(NO3-)-N-15 and In[NO3-], having a common slope around 6 parts per thousand but different intercepts at each station, are evidence of the significant horizontal transport of nitrate to the surface water in this area.