Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 97, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.067004
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The density of states in the semiclassical Andreev billiard is theoretically studied and shown to be determined by the fluctuations of the classical Lyapunov exponent lambda. The rare trajectories with a small value of lambda give rise to an anomalous increase of the Ehrenfest time tau(E)approximate to vertical bar lnh vertical bar/lambda and, consequently, to the appearance of Andreev levels with small excitation energy. The gap in spectrum is obtained, and fluctuations of the value of the gap due to different positions of superconducting lead are considered.
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