State-dependent regulation of cortical activity by cortisol: An EEG study

In the present study we investigated the effects of cortisol administration on EEG activity in eight healthy volunteers. We administered 35 mg of cortisol in a within-subjects double-blind placebo-controlled design. Cortisol administration caused a global decrease in cortical activity except for an increase frontally at the left, resulting in a significant change in frontal asymmetry. This pattern of results is almost the exact mirror image of one of our previous studies. Comparing subjective activation measures from the present and previous study showed that activation was substantially higher in the present study that was performed in formal testing conditions involving venipuncture, compared to the previous EEG study that was performed in non-formal testing conditions. However, the direction of the present cortisolinduced change in frontal activity asymmetry is consistent with the cortisolinduced change in asymmetric rotation behavior that we recently reported in similar testing conditions. We also found indications that, in contrast to the effects on the EEG measures, effects of cortisol administration on subjective anxiety and plasma oxytocin levels may be sex-dependent. These results are preliminary because of the post-hoc nature and the small number of subjects in the present study. However, they are in line with recent findings by others, suggesting that the effects of cortisol on cortical activity and subjective activation are state dependent and are influenced by testing conditions. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.