Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS
Volume 142C, Issue 3, Pages 131-140Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30095
Keywords
Down syndrome; otolaryngology; hearing loss; sleep apnea; cine MRI; rhinitis; cervical spine; subglottic stenosis
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Otolaryngologic or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) problems are common in children with Down Syndrome (DS). This includes problems with chronic ear infections and chronic middle ear effusions with associated hearing loss, airway obstruction, and sleep apnea, as well as problems with chronic rhinitis and sinusitis. In addition, many of these ENT problems require surgical interventions, and there are special anesthesia considerations that need to be addressed in children with DS. These include subglottic stenosis, post-operative airway obstruction, and cervical spine concerns. As the care of children with DS has become more consistent and proactive, outcomes from the treatment of these ENT manifestations have improved. Aggressive interventions, both medical and surgical, have led to a decreased incidence of hearing loss, good control of the chronic rhinitis, and a better awareness of the incidence of sleep apnea and sleep-disordered breathing in individuals with DS. These common otolaryngologic manifestations of DS are reviewed with recommendations for ongoing care and monitoring. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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