Journal
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 72, Issue 5, Pages 573-581Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.05.023
Keywords
proteasome; estrogen receptor-alpha; down-regulation; protease; trans-stilbene
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Treatment of cells with estrogens and several pure ER alpha antagonists rapidly induces down-regulation of the alpha-type estrogen receptor (ERa) in the nucleus by mechanisms that are sensitive to the proteasome inhibitors, MG132 and clasto-lactacystin-beta-lactone. Hence, it is believed that these ER ligands induce down-regulation of ER alpha by proteasome-dependent mechanisms, which serve to control both the amount of transcriptional activity and the level of ligand-bound ER alpha in cells. In this study, we observed that treatment of cultured MCF7 and T47D human breast cancer cells with the low affinity ER ligand, 4,4'-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene (4,4'-DHS), inhibited the transcriptional activity of ER alpha and induced slow and gradual decrease in the amount of ER alpha protein (henceforth referred to as down-regulation of ER alpha). The 4,4'-DHS-induced down-regulation of ER alpha in MCF-7 cells involved a mechanism that was insensitive to the two most specific proteasome inhibitors, clasto-lactacystin-plactone and epoxomycin, but sensitive to MG132 at concentrations exceeding that required for maximal inhibition of the proteasome in MCF-7 cells. Therefore, 4,4'-DHS appears to induce down-regulation of ER alpha by a proteasome-independent mechanism. Here, we present data to show that both 4-OH and 4'-OH are critical for the ability of 4,4'-DHS to induce down-regulation of ER alpha and suggest that 4,4'-DHS provides a useful scaffold for development of novel ER alpha antagonists. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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