Anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most common procedures performed by orthopaedic surgeons. The procedure has improved significantly since its inception in 1900 and continues to be intensively studied with outcomes receiving considerable attention. Traditional ACL reconstruction techniques have focused on one portion of the ACL-the anteromedial bundle. Single-bundle ACL reconstruction is the criterion standard and has provided good to excellent results, with many athletes being able to return to sports; however, recently, some authors have noted persistent instability with functional testing and degenerative radiographic changes after single-bundle ACL reconstruction. As a result, several centers have attempted to improve upon the single-bundle technique by reconstructing both the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of the ACL. This article will present the embryologic, anatomic, and biomechanical rationale for double-bundle ACL reconstruction. In addition, the latest outcomes of double-bundle ACL reconstruction will be presented.