Exploring the determination of struvite solubility product from analytical results

The solubility of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (struvite) was determined in different water and wastewater solutions, by using the analytical results of the solubility tests conducted in the Environmental Engineering Lab at the University of British Columbia. The various factors affecting the struvite solubility such as pH, ionic strength and the temperature of the solutions were also studied in this project. The struvite solubility product values were found to vary significantly from one solution to another and over the range of the experimental conditions as well. For instance, the solubility product (K,) determined at 20 degrees C for anaerobic digester supernatant from the Penticton, B.C. Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant, was found to vary from 8.46 x 10(-15) (pK(sp) = 14.07) to 1.3 x 10(-13) (pK(sp) = 12.89), over a PH range of 6.45 to 8.97, while in the case of distilled water, with the same struvite crystals and at the identical temperature, it was found to vary from 5.21 x 10(15) (pK(sp) =14.28) to 2.12 x 10(-13) (pK(sp) =12.67) over a pH range of 7.01 to 9.62. These results explore the possible reasons for widely varying struvite solubility reported in the literature. A possible correlation was also developed to correlate struvite solubility product with varying temperature. Furthermore, an attempt was made to establish a correlation between conductivity and calculated ionic strength of the solutions. A significant gap, between the values predicted by the correlation developed in this study and those predicted by the existing correlation, was also observed.