Are different species of Dinophysis selected by climatological conditions?

Dinophysis acuminata and D. acuta, the main agents of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning outbreaks in the Galician Rias Baixas, North-West Spain, appear segregated in time and/or space and exhibit considerable interannual variability. To explore the specific requirements of the two species and the causes of their alternation in late-summer outbreaks, the meteorologically driven structure of the water column was examined in relation to Dinophysis populations from monthly transects in Ria de Vigo and weekly sampling at a pilot station in Ria de Pontevedra during 2002 and 2003 - two years with contrasting meteorology. D. acuminata had a longer growth season and reached higher concentrations in parallel with higher standing stocks of diatoms and dinoflagellates during 2002 compared with 2003. Its summer maxima were associated with thermohaline stratification and persistent northerly winds of daily mean velocities of 2.5-4.0m s(-1). In contrast, during 2003, when the summer was very hot and the upwelling index was the lowest for the past 50 years, and the stratification was more intensively thermally driven, the late-summer populations of D. acuminata were replaced by those of D. acuta. The relationship between Dinophysis spp. and climatological conditions, as well as the more severe socio-economic impacts of 2003 relative to 2002, are discussed.