Journal
JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Volume 91, Issue 4, Pages 652-661Publisher
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.652
Keywords
prejudice; stereotyping; implicit evaluation; affect; cognition
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Implicit stereotyping and prejudice often appear as a single process in behavior, yet functional neuroanatomy suggests that they arise from fundamentally distinct substrates associated with semantic versus affective memory systems. On the basis of this research, the authors propose that implicit stereotyping reflects cognitive processes and should predict instrumental behaviors such as judgments and impression formation, whereas implicit evaluation reflects affective processes and should predict consummatory behaviors, such as interpersonal preferences and social distance. Study I showed the independence of participants' levels of implicit stereotyping and evaluation. Studies 2 and 3 showed the unique effects of implicit stereotyping and evaluation on self-reported and behavioral responses to African Americans using double-dissociation designs. Implications for construct validity, theory development, and research design are discussed.
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