Journal
ANNALS OF BOTANY
Volume 112, Issue 1, Pages 31-40Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct091
Keywords
Bract; cotton; CO2 acclimation; CO2 adaptation; Cyt b(6)f; Gossypium hirsutum; J(max)/V-cmax; photosynthesis; respiration; Rubisco; stomatal conductance; water use efficiency
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31060176]
- National Key Technology Rand Program of China [2007BAD44B07]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [21-674]
- Australian Research Council [DP1093827]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [25891005, 24870003] Funding Source: KAKEN
- Australian Research Council [DP1093827] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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Background and Aims Elucidation of the mechanisms by which plants adapt to elevated CO2 is needed; however, most studies of the mechanisms investigated the response of plants adapted to current atmospheric CO2. The rapid respiration rate of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fruits (bolls) produces a concentrated CO2 microenvironment around the bolls and bracts. It has been observed that the intercellular CO2 concentration of a whole fruit (bract and boll) ranges from 500 to 1300 mu mol mol(-1) depending on the irradiance, even in ambient air. Arguably, this CO2 microenvironment has existed for at least 1.1 million years since the appearance of tetraploid cotton. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the mechanisms by which cotton bracts have adapted to elevated CO2 will indicate how plants will adapt to future increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. Specifically, it is hypothesized that with elevated CO2 the capacity to regenerate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) will increase relative to RuBP carboxylation. Methods To test this hypothesis, the morphological and physiological traits of bracts and leaves of cotton were measured, including stomatal density, gas exchange and protein contents. Key results Compared with leaves, bracts showed significantly lower stomatal conductance which resulted in a significantly higher water use efficiency. Both gas exchange and protein content showed a significantly greater RuBP regeneration/RuBP carboxylation capacity ratio (J(max)/V-cmax) in bracts than in leaves. Conclusions These results agree with the theoretical prediction that adaptation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2 requires increased RuBP regeneration. Cotton bracts are readily available material for studying adaption to elevated CO2.
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