Journal
ANNALS OF BOTANY
Volume 110, Issue 8, Pages 1651-1660Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs218
Keywords
Base temperature; climate change; cold stratification; crop wild relative; IPCC scenarios; physiological dormancy; thermal time; Vitaceae; Vitis vinifera subsp; sylvestris
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Funding
- Provincia di Cagliari - Assessorato Tutela Ambiente
- Defra, UK
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The importance of thermal thresholds for predicting seed dormancy release and germination timing under the present climate conditions and simulated climate change scenarios was investigated. In particular, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris was investigated in four Sardinian populations over the full altitudinal range of the species (from approx. 100 to 800 m a.s.l). Dried and fresh seeds from each population were incubated in the light at a range of temperatures (1025 and 25/10 C), without any pre-treatment and after a warm (3 months at 25 C) or a cold (3 months at 5 C) stratification. A thermal time approach was then applied to the germination results for dried seeds and the seed responses were modelled according to the present climate conditions and two simulated scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): B1 (18 C) and A2 (34 C). Cold stratification released physiological dormancy, while very few seeds germinated without treatments or after warm stratification. Fresh, cold-stratified seeds germinated significantly better (80 ) at temperatures epsilon 20 C than at lower temperatures. A base temperature for germination (T-b) of 90113 C and a thermal time requirement for 50 of germination (THETA(50)) ranging from 336 Cd to 686 Cd were identified for non-dormant cold-stratified seeds, depending on the populations. This complex combination of thermal requirements for dormancy release and germination allowed prediction of field emergence from March to May under the present climatic conditions for the investigated populations. The thermal thresholds for seed germination identified in this study (T-b and THETA(50)) explained the differences in seed germination detected among populations. Under the two simulated IPCC scenarios, an altitude-related risk from climate warming is identified, with lowland populations being more threatened due to a compromised seed dormancy release and a narrowed seed germination window.
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