Journal
ANNALS OF BOTANY
Volume 105, Issue 4, Pages 513-526Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq015
Keywords
Phosphate signal; phosphate regulon; transcription factor; non-coding RNAs; phosphate starvation responses
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Funding
- China Scholarship Council
- Australian Research Council
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Background Phosphorus (P) is often a limiting mineral nutrient for plant growth. Many soils worldwide are deficient in soluble inorganic phosphate (P-i), the form of P most readily absorbed and utilized by plants. A network of elaborate developmental and biochemical adaptations has evolved in plants to enhance P-i acquisition and avoid starvation. Scope Controlling the deployment of adaptations used by plants to avoid P-i starvation requires a sophisticated sensing and regulatory system that can integrate external and internal information regarding P-i availability. In this review, the current knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms that control P-i starvation responses and the local and long-distance signals that may trigger P-i starvation responses are discussed. Uncharacterized mutants that have P-i-related phenotypes and their potential to give us additional insights into regulatory pathways and P-i starvation-induced signalling are also highlighted and assessed. Conclusions An impressive list of factors that regulate P-i starvation responses is now available, as is a good deal of knowledge regarding the local and long-distance signals that allow a plant to sense and respond to P-i availability. However, we are only beginning to understand how these factors and signals are integrated with one another in a regulatory web able to control the range of responses demonstrated by plants grown in low P-i environments. Much more knowledge is needed in this agronomically important area before real gains can be made in improving P-i acquisition in crop plants.
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