Journal
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Volume 42, Issue 10, Pages 1134-1140Publisher
PLEIADES PUBLISHING INC
DOI: 10.1134/S1023193506100223
Keywords
iridium and tin oxides; hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts; nanocrystalline particles
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Iridium-based oxides are highly active as oxygen evolving electrocatalysts in PEM water electrolyzers. In this work XRD reveals that Ir-Sn oxides contain a single rutile phase with lattice parameters between those of pure IrO2 and SnO2. Addition of Ru leads to the synthesis of a core-shell type material due to the strong agglomeration of Ru colloids during the preparation procedure. The shell of this material consists of an Ir-Sn-Ru oxide deficient in Ru relative to the bulk. This leads to a decrease in the surface noble metal concentration (as found by XPS), which in turn results in a significant reduction in electrochemically active surface area. Polarization analysis indicates that the addition of Ru can influence the rate-determining step or mechanism by which oxygen is evolved. In a PEM water electrolysis cell, small additions of Sn do not significantly reduce the operating performance, however larger additions cause a performance loss due to a reduction in active surface area and increased ohmic resistance. When a pure IrO2 anode is used, a cell voltage is 1.61 V at 1 A cm(-2) and 90 degrees C.
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