Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 9, Issue 5, Pages 489-495Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2006.08.004
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Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [HL059842, R01 HL059842] Funding Source: Medline
- NIAID NIH HHS [AI033774, AI033142, R01 AI045459, R37 AI033142, AI33580, R01 AI033142, AI44374, R01 AI044374, R01 AI033774, AI45459] Funding Source: Medline
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The spectrum of infectious diseases has shifted in the past 50 years to include those caused by microbes that cause disease predominantly in immunocompromised individuals. This phenomenon has underscored the dependence of microbial virulence on the immune status of the host. The limited efficacy of the available antimicrobial armamentarium in immunocompromised individuals, combined with increasing resistance to these agents, has led to an urgent need for new therapies for infectious diseases. Immunomodulation represents a novel approach to antimicrobial therapy that depends on bolstering host immunity, rather than direct antimicrobial activity. Immunomodulators can be divided into those that are specific to pathogens (pathogen-specific) and those that are not specific to pathogens (non-specific). However, to date only a few immunomodulators; have been evaluated for their efficacy as antimicrobial tools.
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