Journal
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
Volume 75, Issue 10, Pages 1201-1219Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.05.008
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The basic components of Monte Carlo simulation of bremsstrahlung emission by electrons are presented. Various theoretical cross-sections that have been used in Monte Carlo codes are described and the emphasis is on the more accurate partial-wave cross-sections for which numerical databases are available. Sampling algorithms for a combination of numerical scaled energy-loss cross-sections and various analytical approximations to the intrinsic angular distribution are presented. Analogue simulation of the energy spectra and angular distribution of X rays from targets irradiated by electron beams is very inefficient and a simple variance-reduction technique, which is easy to implement and has proven to be particularly effective in speeding up these simulations, is described. Results from simulations of X-ray spectra with the general-purpose Monte Carlo code PENELOPE are compared with experimental data for different materials and incident electrons with energies in the 20 keV to 1 GeV energy range. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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