Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIORAL PROCESSES
Volume 32, Issue 4, Pages 460-466Publisher
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/0097-7403.32.4.460
Keywords
odor; taste; conditioning; hedonics
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To test whether expression of hedonic and sensory odor qualities acquired by association with sweet and bitter tastes depend on hunger state, hungry volunteers experienced odors paired with sucrose, quinine, or water and then were tested under different hunger states manipulated with energy preloads. Acquired liking for sucrose-paired odors was evident following a low-energy or control preload but not a high-energy preload; however, odor sweetness increased in all preload conditions. Acquired dislike and increased bitterness of quinine-paired odors were independent of preloading. These data demonstrate hunger-dependent expression of acquired liking for flavors through flavor-flavor associations in humans and demonstrate independence between acquired become and sensory qualities of odors.
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