Melatonin in cancer management: Progress and promise

Physiologic and pharmacologic concentrations of the pineal hormone melatonin have shown chemopreventive, oncostatic, and tumor inhibitory effects in a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental models of neoplasia. Multiple mechanisms have been suggested for the biological effects of melatonin. Not only does melatonin seem to control development alone but also has the potential to increase the efficacy and decrease the side effects of chemotherapy when used in adjuvant settings. This review critically evaluates the progress in the ability of melatonin to prevent or reverse cancer development and progression. We also discuss the future prospects of the possible development of melatonin as a chemopreventive agent.