Journal
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 349, Issue 3, Pages 1156-1162Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.146
Keywords
microglia; P2X4 receptor; toll-like receptors; muramyldipeptide; innate immune system; CNS
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As ATP-gated ion channels, P2X4 receptors (P2X4R) of microglial cells play a crucial role in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. In this study, we used rat microglial cell cultures to examine P2X4R expression in response to stimulation by combination of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) receptors. Various TLR1-9 ligands and NOD2 agonist muramyldipeptide (MDP) were investigated. Our results showed that certain combination of ligands had additive effects on upregulating microglial P2X4R at both mRNA and protein levels, and induced nitric oxide increase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. Thus TLRs and NOD2 combinations are contributors to the signaling cascades resulting in purinergic microglial activation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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