High-temperature and long-term stable solid-state electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells by self-assembly

Ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate was solidified by silica nanoparticles (> 2 wt %) even up to 85 degrees C. The mechanism of solid-state composites was inferred to self-assemble through hydrogen bond networks between the anion BF4- and the hydroxyl group in the surface of silica nanoparticles, which was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry measurement and Fourier transition infrared spectra. The solid-state composite was introduced to form high-temperature solid-state electrolytes for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells with an overall energy-conversion efficiency of 4.7% at room temperature and 5.0% at 60 degrees C under AM 1.5 sunlight illumination (75 mW cm(-2)).