Journal
EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR
Volume 27, Issue 6, Pages 417-432Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.05.001
Keywords
cooperation; cheating; deontic reasoning; subjective expected utility; decision making; losses; social contracts; threats
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The ability to detect cheaters has been proposed as an adaptive design feature of psychological adaptations for cooperation. This proposal has been tested with studies on the Wason selection task, which purportedly demonstrate that humans possess a specific competence for detecting cheaters in cooperative interactions. An alternative set of theories suggests that people are not looking for cheaters per se, but are looking for losses in an effort to maximize their utility. In previous investigations of cheater detection, cheating has been confounded with someone suffering a loss. We sought to test rival accounts of cheater detection by devising versions of the selection task in which cheating is unconfounded with losses. The results suggest that people are competent at detecting cheaters even when no losses are involved, lending support to the view that cheater detection is a specific design feature of psychological adaptations for cooperation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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