Tailoring surgical approach for elective ventral hernia repair based on obesity and National Surgical Quality Improvement Program outcomes

BACKGROUND: Obesity's influence on postoperative complications in either laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) or open ventral hernia repair (OVHR) has yet to be defined. Although 30-day postoperative complications increase with higher body mass index (BMI), we propose LVHR minimizes surgical site infections (SSIs) and surgical site occurrences (SSOs) for given BMI categories. METHODS: Retrospective review of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2009 to 2012) for patients aged 18 years or more undergoing elective ventral hernia repair. Exclusion criteria included immunosuppression, disseminated malignancy, advanced liver disease, or pregnancy. Patients were stratified by BMI (20 to 25, 25 to 30, 30 to 35, 35 to 40, and >40 kg/m(2)), and 30-day SSOs evaluated across BMI groups for LVHR vs OVHR. RESULTS: A total of 106,968 patients met inclusion criteria, with 60% patients obese. LVHR decreased SSO for all patients (odds ratio, .4; confidence interval, .19 to .60). Obesity classes I/II/III have increased odds of superficial SSI, deep SSI, and dehiscence for OVHR compared with LVHR. Only obesity class III has increased odds of organ space SSI and reoperation for OVHR vs LVHR (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Obese patients are over-represented in VHRs. Thirty-day postoperative wound complications increase with higher BMI. LVHR minimizes both SSIs and SSOs, especially in higher obesity classes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.