Journal
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
Volume 1761, Issue 11, Pages 1359-1372Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2006.06.017
Keywords
platelet-activating factor; PAF; platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase; PAF-AH; atherosclerosis; asthma; shock; inflammation; lipoprotein; atherogenesis; oxidized phospholipid
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Plasma platelet-activating factor (PAF)-acetylhydro lase (PAF-AH), which is characterized by tight association with plasma lipoproteins, degrades not only PAF but also phospholipids with oxidatively modified short fatty acyl chain esterified at the sn-2 position. Production and accumulation of these phospholipids are associated with the onset of inflammatory diseases and preventive role of this enzyme has been evidenced by many recent studies including prevalence of the genetic deficiency of the enzyme in the patients and therapeutic effects of treatment with recombinant protein or gene transfer. With respect to the atherosclerosis, however, it is not fully cleared whether this enzyme plays an antiatherogenic role or pro-atherogenic role because plasma PAF-AH also might produce lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and oxidatively modified nonesterified fatty acids with potent pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic bioactivities. These dual roles of plasma PAF-AH might be regulated by the altered distribution of the enzyme between low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles because HDL-associated enzymes are considered to contribute to the protection of LDL from oxidative modification. This review focuses on the recent findings which address the role of this enzyme in the human diseases especially including asthma, septic shock and atherosclerosis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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