Role of mast cells as IL10 producing cells in paracoccidioidomycosis skin lesions

Recent works have demonstrated that mast cells may have an important role in immunologic reactions and inflammation once they synthesize and secrete many cytokines including IL4, IL5, IL6 and TNF-alpha. We have conducted research in order to verify if mast cells would participate in the local inflammatory immune response against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in skin lesions characterized by a Th2 pattern of cytokines. Fifty-nine skin biopsies with previous histopathological diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis and immunohistochemical characterization of cytokines present in the inflammatory infiltrate were classified in three groups: group 1 (G1), with compact granuloma and a Th1 pattern of cytokines; group 2 (G2), with loose granuloma and a Th2 pattern of cytokines; group 3 (G3), both kind of granuloma in the same lesion, characterized by cytokines from Th1 and Th2 patterns. Ten biopsies from normal skin were used as control group. Mast cells were visualized and quantified by a toluidine blue/HCl staining and a double immunostaining was performed to detect a co-localization of mast cells and IL10. G2 presented an increased number of mast cells when compared to G1, G3 and control group and we frequently could find mast cells expressing IL10 in G2. The data obtained suggest that mast cells participate in the immune response against P. brasiliensis in skin lesions with loose granuloma and a Th2 pattern of cytokines. Considering these results, mast cells could constitute a source of IL10, contributing to a non-effective response against fungal antigens.