Influences of acids and salts on the crystalline phase and morphology of TiO2 prepared under ultrasound irradiation

Nanocrystalline TiO2 powders were rapidly prepared by hydrolysis of Ti(OC4H9)(4) under ultrasound irradiation. The influences of acids (HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4) and their corresponding salts (NaCl, KNO3, and Na(2)So(4)) on the crystalline phase and morphology of products were investigated, respectively. Compared with NaCl and KNO3 that show no evident influence on the crystalline phase, HCl and HNO3 have a decisive influence on the crystalline phase of the products. However, both H2SO4 and Na2SO4 are favorable for the formation of anatase. By adjusting the concentration of SO42- in the reaction medium, the contents of anatase and rutile phases in the TiO2 powders can be successfully controlled. The morphology of TiO2 crystallites are shown to be strongly related to the type of acid used in the reaction medium. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.