Journal
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL
Volume 17, Issue 11, Pages 4675-4685Publisher
AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E06-05-0466
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA105117, CA105117] Funding Source: Medline
- NHLBI NIH HHS [HL085362, R01 HL085362] Funding Source: Medline
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Recent studies in Cdc42 knockout mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and ES-derived fibroblastoid cell lines raise concern on a body of literature derived by dominant mutant expression approach in a variety of cell lines implicating mammalian Cdc42 as a key regulator of filopodia induction, directional migration and cell cycle progression. To resolve the physiological function of mammalian Cdc42, we have characterized the Cdc42(-/-) and Cdc42GAP(-/-) primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) produced by gene targeting as the Cdc42 loss- or gain-of-activity cell model. The Cdc42(-/-) cells were defective in filopodia formation stimulated by bradykinin and in dorsal membrane ruffling stimulated by PDGF, whereas the Cdc42GAP(-/-) cells displayed spontaneous filopodia. The Cdc42 loss- or gain-of-activity cells were defective in adhesion to fibronectin, wound-healing, polarity establishment, and migration toward a serum gradient. These defects were associated with deficiencies of PAK1, GSK3 beta, myosin light chain, and FAK phosphorylation. Furthermore, Cdc42(-/-) cells were defective in G1/S-phase transition and survival, correlating with deficient NF-kappa B transcription and defective JNK, p70 S6K, and ERK1/2 activation. These results demonstrate a different requirement of Cdc42 activity in primary MEFs from ES or ES-derived clonal fibroblastoid cells and suggest that Cdc42 plays cell-type-specific signaling roles.
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