Influence of the acid activation of pillared smectites from Amazon (Brazil) in adsorption process with butylamine

Smectite-bearing clay samples from Para state, Amazon region, Brazil, were used for pillaring process in the present study. The natural and pillared/activated matrices were characterized using XRD, FTIR, Al-27, Si-29 MAS NMR, TGA-DTG and textural analysis using nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The aluminum pillaring solutions (Al-13) were analyzed by Al-27 MAS NMR. The ion of intercalation (Keggin's ion) was obtained through chemical reaction of AlCl3 center dot 6H(2)O and NaOH solutions with an approximate OH/Al 2.0 molar ratio and Al(NO3)(3) and NaOH solutions with an OH/Al = 1.5. The nontronite intercalation was carried out using two methods: (1) with sodium hydroxide solution that was incorporated drop by drop in the aluminum chloride solution; and (2) using aluminum nitrate, which was maintained under vigorous stirring at 25 degrees C, during 3 h and calcined at 450 degrees C (adequate temperature for calcination) and 600 degrees C. The pillared clays were treated with HCl (0.10, 0.30 and 0.60 mol dm(-3)). The resulting materials were submitted to adsorption process with butylamine. The results showed that the pillarization process increases the basal spacing of the natural clay from 15.60 to 18.97 angstrom and the superficial area from 44 to 197 m(2) /g. The thermal stability of the natural clay was improved by the pillaring procedure. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.