Efficiency of assembling of nanowires in suspension by ac electric fields

The authors report a versatile and efficient method for assembling nanowires in suspension into scaffolds using ac electric fields. The electric field and its gradient aligns and transports, respectively, the nanowires into scaffolds according to the electric field distributions. The assembling efficiency strongly depends on the frequency of the applied ac voltages and varies as square of the voltage. The assembly morphology is highly influenced by the frequency regardless of applied voltages.