The natural synovial joint: properties of cartilage

Articular cartilage is the bearing material that lines the ends of the bones of synovial joints. Its primary function is to reduce friction and wear at the articulations of the musculoskeletal system. The tribological properties of cartilage are intimately related to its structure and mechanical properties. The modes of lubrication in cartilage extend beyond the traditional mechanisms of fluid-film or boundary lubrication. The purpose of this review is to describe the salient properties of articular cartilage necessary to understand the unique biotribology of diarthrodial joints.