Efficacy of two-pass electrofishing employing multiple units to assess stream fish species richness

We utilized two-pass, multiple unit backpack electrofishing data to assess stream fish species richness. Twenty-six streams in the Monongahela River basin of Pennsylvania were sampled over 200 in standard reaches. Effort, as measured by the number of electrofishers employed, was increased as a function of increasing mean stream width (< 30 m) to a maximum of three operated abreast across the stream. We calculated proportional fish species richness ((s) over cap) and the probability of detection ((p) over cap (sl)) for each species. Values of ranged from 1 to 27, whereas values of (p) over cap (sl) ranged from 67 to 100 across all streams. Median P, values did not differ significantly among effort categories nor did the probability of capturing a new species on pass two (P > 0.05). Narrow 95% confidence intervals around values attest to the validity of this approach in estimating species richness. Small percids (e.g., darters) and schooling (e.g., cyprinids) fishes evaded capture on the first pass more frequently than centrarchids, ictalurids, or catastomids. Our results indicate that increasing effort (as measured by number of electrofishing units employed incrementally over a standardized length of the sampling reach) provides a practical and efficient alternative to increasing sampling reach length with increasing stream width when sampling for species richness. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.