Journal
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE
Volume 32, Issue 6, Pages 1303-1323Publisher
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/0096-1523.32.6.1303
Keywords
automaticity; attention; dual-route model; psychological refractory period; spelling-sound translation
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The present experiments tested the claim that phonological recoding occurs automatically by assessing whether it uses central attention in the context of the psychological refractory period paradigm. Task 1 was a tone discrimination task and Task 2 was reading aloud. The joint effects of long-lag word repetition priming and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) were underadditive in Experiment 1, suggesting that an early component of lexical processing does not use central attention. In contrast, nonword letter length and grapheme-phoneme complexity yielded additive effects with SOA in Experiments 2, 3, and 4, suggesting that assembled phonology uses central attention. Further, orthographic neighborhood density also yielded additive effects with SOA in Experiments 5, 6, and 7, suggesting that lexical contributions to phonological recoding use central attention. Taken together, the results of these experiments are inconsistent with the widespread claim that phonological codes are assembled and/or addressed automatically. It is suggested that automaticity should be replaced by accounts that make more specific claims about how processing unfolds.
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