Journal
DIABETES CARE
Volume 29, Issue 12, Pages 2714-2720Publisher
AMER DIABETES ASSOC
DOI: 10.2337/dc06-0147
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OBJECTIVE - We sought to determine whether levels of inflammatory markers and different cytokines are abnormal in nondiabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Cytokine levels were measured in 19 healthy control subjects and 129 offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes (109 with normal glucose tolerance [NGT] and 20 with impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]). Insulin sensitivity was determined with the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, insulin secretion with the intravenous glucose tolerance test, and abdominal fat distribution with computed tomography. RESULTS - Levels of C-reactive protein and inflammatory cytokines were elevated in nondiabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects. Interleukin (IL)-1 beta was increased in the NGT group and decreased in the IGT group. In contrast, levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were increased in both groups. IL-1 beta and -Ra levels correlated inversely (P < 0.05) with rates of whole-body glucose uptake and IL-1 beta positively with visceral fat mass (P < 0.05) in normoglycemic offspring. CONCLUSIONS - Nondiabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects have changes in the levels of inflammatory cytokines. The level of IL-1Ra seems to be the most sensitive marker of cytokine response in the pre-diabetic state.
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