Thermodynamic reassessment of the Au-Bi system

The Au-Bi system has been thermodynamically reassessed through the Calphad approach by combining new experimental data, in particular the enthalpies of mixing of the liquid phase recently available in the literature. A good agreement is obtained between the calculated and experimental invariant equilibria. The resulting assessment has been incorporated into the ternary thermodynamic description of the Ag-Au-Bi system which will be published soon and which is of interest in the lead-free soldering process for electronic materials. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.