Journal
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Volume 32, Issue 12, Pages 1923-1929Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.06.026
Keywords
ultrasound; Optison (R); apoptosis; ultrasound surgery; bioeffects
Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [U41RR019703] Funding Source: Medline
- NIBIB NIH HHS [R01EB003268] Funding Source: Medline
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Histologic effects of focused ultrasound (FUS) exposures combined with an ultrasound contrast agent (Optison((R))) were investigated to examine whether the lesions were dominated by apoptosis or necrosis. The rabbit brains (n = 17) were sonicated (1.5 MHz, peak rarefactional pressure amplitude: 1.4 to 8.8 MPa) after Optison((R)) was injected intravenously (IV). MRI and light microscopy were used to examine tissue effects. To detect apoptosis, TUNEL staining based on labeling of DNA strand breaks was used. The average number of apoptotic and necrotic cells in 300 X 220 mu m microscopic fields were counted in 18 representative lesions. Lesions in the rabbit brains were created at lowered acoustic power levels when FUS was combined with Optison((R)). In histology, the lesions exhibited red blood cell extravasations and destruction of blood vessels. At 4 h after sonication, the lesions lost many cells, and the remaining cells exhibited both necrotic and apoptotic features. Overall, apoptosis dominated; there were, on average, 32.3 +/- 13.2 apoptotic cells per microscopic field compared with only 5.1 +/- 3.4 necrotic cells per field. In conclusion, FUS combined with Optison((R)) could produce lesions that are dominated by apoptosis, presumably induced primarily via ischemia after cavitation-produced damage to the brain vasculature.
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