Morroniside and loganin extracted from Cornus officinalis have protective effects on rat mesangial cell proliferation exposed to advanced glycation end products by preventing oxidative stress

Advanced glycation end products (AGE) are involved in the alterations of renal mesangial cell (MCs) growth, a feature of early stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We postulate that morroniside and loganin, 2 components extracted from Cornus officinalis, may ameliorate the detrimental effects of AGE-induced MCs proliferation by preventing oxidative stress. Rat MCs cultured in AGE milieu were treated with morroniside and loganin. Results showed that morroniside and loganin inhibited AGE-induced MC proliferation as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the morroniside and loganin improved the morphological changes of MCs. Flow cytometric analysis showed that morroniside and loganin inhibited the cell cycle of rat MCs. Furthermore, the level of reactive oxygen species was significantly reduced, and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were markedly increased, whereas the level of malondialdehyde was not significantly reduced. These results suggest that morroniside and loganin regulate MC growth by preventing oxidative stress. Thus, this study provides a molecular basis for the use of morroniside and loganin in the early stages of DN.