Modeling zinc enzyme inhibition with functional thiolate ligands

The blocking of zinc enzymes by thiolate-containing inhibitors was modeled by treating Tp(Ph,Me)Zn-OH with functional thiols. The latter were chosen such that they contain an additional donor function (COOH, COOR, NH2, NHR, OH) in a position favorable for chelation. Of them, mercapto carboxylic acid esters were incorporated as thiolates. The corresponding mercapto carboxylic acids, however, used only their carboxylate function for coordination. Various mercapto amines, mercapto alcohols, and mercaptophenol were exclusively converted to thiolate ligands. The two modes of inhibitor attachment, terminal or chelating, were observed equally frequently. As a rule, they occur as alternatives for similar ligands. In case of 2-mercaptophenol they coexist in the crystalline state and in solution. Hydrogen bonding, both intra- and intermolecular, seems to be a decisive factor determining the inhibitor attachments. Its persistence in solution is underlined by the observation that Tp(Ph,Me)Zn-hydroxythiophenolates are methylated about 2 orders of magnitude slower than Tp(Ph,Me)Zn-SPh itself.