Journal
MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS
Volume 13, Issue 3, Pages 247-261Publisher
WILEY-LISS
DOI: 10.1002/mrdd.20158
Keywords
Down syndrome; language; communication; reading; intervention; mental retardation
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Funding
- NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD04356, P30 HD00352, P30 HD002528] Funding Source: Medline
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Down syndrome (DS) is associated with abnormalities in multiple organ systems and a characteristic phenotype that includes numerous behavioral features. Language, however, is among the most impaired domains of functioning in DS and, perhaps, also the greatest barrier to independent meaningful inclusion in the community. In this article, we review what is known about the extent, nature, and correlates of the language and related problems of individuals with Down syndrome. In doing so, we focus largely on the syndrome-specific features of the language phenotype, although we also consider within-syndrome variation. The review focuses on the prelinguistic foundations of language and the major components of language (i.e., vocabulary, syntax, and pragmatics). We also consider two topics in the treatment and education of individuals with DS: prelinguistic communication intervention and the acquisition of literacy skills. (C) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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