Journal
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
Volume 57, Issue 1, Pages 127-140Publisher
JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21109
Keywords
cerebrovascular disease; stroke; quantitative flow; phase contrast MRI; parallel imaging; tracking
Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [P41RR09784, P41 RR009784] Funding Source: Medline
- NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB008706, R01 EB006526, 1R01EB002711, R01 EB002711, R01 EB011654] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [1R01NS35959] Funding Source: Medline
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Exact knowledge of blood flow characteristics in the major cerebral vessels is of great relevance for diagnosing cerebrovascular abnormalities. This involves the assessment of hemo-dynamically critical areas as well as the derivation of biome-chanical parameters such as wall shear stress and pressure gradients. A time-resolved, 3D phase-contrast (PC) MRI method using parallel imaging was implemented to measure blood flow in three dimensions at multiple instances over the cardiac cycle. The 4D velocity data obtained from 14 healthy volunteers were used to investigate dynamic blood flow with the use of multiplanar reformatting, 3D streamlines, and 4D particle tracing. In addition, the effects of magnetic field strength, parallel imaging, and temporal resolution on the data were investigated in a comparative evaluation at 1.5T and 3T using three different parallel imaging reduction factors and three different temporal resolutions in eight of the 14 subjects. Studies were consistently performed faster at 3T than at 1.5T because of better parallel imaging performance. A high temporal resolution (65 ms) was required to follow dynamic processes in the intracranial vessels. The 4D flow measurements provided a high degree of vascular conspicuity. Time-resolved streamline analysis provided features that have not been reported previously for the intracranial vasculature.
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