Journal
ACTA OBSTETRICIA ET GYNECOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA
Volume 86, Issue 2, Pages 156-160Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS
DOI: 10.1080/00016340600984696
Keywords
pregnancy; smoking; ultrasonography; fetus; anthropometry; biparietal diameter; abdominal circumference; femur length
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Funding
- NICHD NIH HHS [1-HD-4-2803] Funding Source: Medline
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Background. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is causally related to birthweight, but we do not know whether fetal growth restriction is a continuous process or, if not, at what stage of pregnancy it affects weight gain. Material and methods. A random sample of para 1 and 2 mothers, drawn from the population of pregnant women in Bergen and Trondheim, Norway, and Uppsala, Sweden, were examined by a detailed questionnaire concerning smoking habits, menstrual history and pregnancy dating, and subjected to morphometric sonography of their fetuses in or around week 17. Of the 547 study participants, 31.9% were smokers. Gestational age was primarily determined by the last menstrual period [LMP], except in those with irregular cycles, and in 30 cases (6.6% of those with regular cycles) in whom the biparietal diameter [BPD]-determined age deviated > 14 days from the LMP-based date. Results. The analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the fetuses of non-smokers, light smokers (0-9 cigarettes per day) and heavy (10 + cigarettes per day) smokers, regarding BPD, mean abdominal diameter [MAD] femur length [FL], and a 'body contour index': [BPD + FL] divided by MAD. Conclusion. Tobacco-induced fetal growth restriction probably begins after gestational week 17.
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